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Along The Rim of Alaska, The Once-A-Decade U.S. Census Began In Toksook Bay

Steven Dillingham (right), the Census Bureau's director, walks through Toksook Bay, Alaska, on Tuesday and went to count the first person for the census.
Claire Harbage
/
NPR

Updated Jan. 22 at 3:41 p.m. ET

Near the iced-over Bering Sea, parka-clad workers for the U.S. Census Bureau are gathering in a remote fishing village along the southwestern rim of Alaska to resume a U.S. tradition seen only once a decade — a count of every person living in the country.

After years of largely under-the-radar planning by the federal government and months of turmoil arising from the Trump administration's failed push to add a citizenship question, the 2020 census officially began Tuesday in Toksook Bay, Alaska — population 590, according to the 2010 head count.

Lizzie Chimiugak Nenguryarr  (center), the first person counted for the 2020 census, joins in the Yup'ik dancing at the ceremony on Tuesday.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
Lizzie Chimiugak Nenguryarr (center), the first person counted for the 2020 census, joins in the Yup'ik dancing at the ceremony on Tuesday.

The start of the count was delayed by about four hours. Weather grounded a flight that was scheduled to bring the bureau's director, Steven Dillingham, into the village on Tuesday morning to help conduct the interview with the first person to be counted for the 2020 census. By the afternoon, residents of Toksook Bay gathered in the gymnasium of Nelson Island School to mark the day with traditional Yup'ik dancing and drumming.

People eat Yup'ik food at a potluck held for the census kick-off ceremony in Toksook Bay.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
People eat Yup'ik food at a potluck held for the census kick-off ceremony in Toksook Bay.

For most households in the country — including those in the Lower 48, Hawaii and the U.S. territories, as well as Alaska's major cities — the count is not set to roll out until March.

But since Alaska became a state in 1959, the Census Bureau has started tallying Alaska's most remote residents in January, when the frozen ground makes it easier for door knockers to reach far-flung communities. To get around the country's largest state by land area, the bureau's workers rely on bush planes, snow machines, or snowmobiles, and dog sleds to get to villages to ask people their name, sex, age, race and other demographic information.

People walk through Toksook Bay, an Alaskan fishing village along the Bering Sea.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
People walk through Toksook Bay, an Alaskan fishing village along the Bering Sea.

Since the 2000 census, the bureau has selected one village to be the site of the first counting, beginning with Unalakleet along the state's central coast and then Noorvik in northern Alaska. This year, census workers are starting in the state's southwest corner, in Toksook Bay, home to members of the Nunakauyarmiut Tribe. It was first thrust into the national spotlight after the Census Bureau announced it had selected the village in 2018.

A RavnAir pilot guides a flight to Toksook Bay, Alaska, which can be seen out the window.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
A RavnAir pilot guides a flight to Toksook Bay, Alaska, which can be seen out the window.
Census workers and their production crew arrive in Toksook Bay. The Census Bureau's workers rely on bush planes, snow machines, or snowmobiles, and dog sleds to get to Alaskan villages to ask people their name, sex, age, race and other demographic information.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
Census workers and their production crew arrive in Toksook Bay. The Census Bureau's workers rely on bush planes, snow machines, or snowmobiles, and dog sleds to get to Alaskan villages to ask people their name, sex, age, race and other demographic information.

"We're all excited about it," says Alexie Jimmie, 76, whose family was one of the first to settle in the village in 1964, when it was just a fishing camp. "I hope that people counting for the census will go to every house, every home so that everybody can be counted. That's very important."

Alexie Jimmie, 76, says his family was one of the first to settle in Toksook Bay in 1964.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
Alexie Jimmie, 76, says his family was one of the first to settle in Toksook Bay in 1964.

The future of Toksook Bay, along with every other community in the U.S., will be shaped by the results of the census, which the federal government is expected to start releasing by the end of this year. The numbers are used to distribute congressional seats and Electoral College votes among the states, as well as an estimated $1.5 trillion a year in federal funding for public services.

Joanna Woods, 12, (left) and her cousin Mick Chakuchin, 10, go ice fishing in Toksook Bay.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
Joanna Woods, 12, (left) and her cousin Mick Chakuchin, 10, go ice fishing in Toksook Bay.

Washington, D.C., politics, however, have often diverted the public's attention away from the constitutionally mandated count. As the census officially launches in Alaska, lawmakers are regrouping on Capitol Hill to resume the Senate impeachment trial of President Trump. Last year, days before printers were scheduled to start producing census mailers, Trump announced he was looking into delaying the count for the first time in U.S. history after the Supreme Court ruled to keep the citizenship question he wanted off census forms.

Last week, the bureau confirmed that more than 120 million paper census questionnaires have been printed for the count.

Lizzie Chimiugak Nenguryarr's family gathers to celebrate her 90th birthday at her home in Toksook Bay. She was the first person counted for the 2020 census.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
Lizzie Chimiugak Nenguryarr's family gathers to celebrate her 90th birthday at her home in Toksook Bay. She was the first person counted for the 2020 census.

In Toksook Bay and some other rural parts of the country, however, they won't be arriving in the mail. Instead, census workers are collecting people's responses through in-person visits, beginning with the home of Lizzie Chimiugak Nenguryarr, an elder of Toksook Bay.

"It's overwhelming for people to come in and say this is such a big honor," Nenguryarr says in Yup'ik through interpretation by one of her daughters, Katie Schwartz Nuiyaaq. "This is just one in every day that comes rolling in."

Fish dry outside a home in Toksook Bay.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
Fish dry outside a home in Toksook Bay.
On Sunday night, people gather and practice singing hymns for George Paul Miisaq's funeral. Miisaq was living in Anchorage and his body was flown back to Toksook Bay to be buried.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
On Sunday night, people gather and practice singing hymns for George Paul Miisaq's funeral. Miisaq was living in Anchorage and his body was flown back to Toksook Bay to be buried.

Toksook Bay has seen a flurry of activity these past few days. The day before the count, classes ended early at Nelson Island School to allow mourners to pay their respects to a former resident, George Paul Miisaq, whose body was returned home to be buried in the village cemetery.

A day earlier, Nenguryarr, who is a locally renowned member of an Yup'ik dancing group, held an early celebration for what she considered to be at least her 90th birthday, based on a baptismal record.

"I want everybody to show love and compassion towards all human beings, young and old," Nenguryarr says.

Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

St. Peter the Fisherman Catholic Church in Toksook Bay is seen after sunset. Census numbers are used to guide the distribution of an estimated $1.5 trillion a year in federal funding for public services.
Claire Harbage / NPR
/
NPR
St. Peter the Fisherman Catholic Church in Toksook Bay is seen after sunset. Census numbers are used to guide the distribution of an estimated $1.5 trillion a year in federal funding for public services.

Hansi Lo Wang (he/him) is a national correspondent for NPR reporting on the people, power and money behind the U.S. census.